ځایونه

Each autumn the powinda Ghilzai came down the Gomal and Zhob passes to the Indus plain and went home in spring; the trade ended with the loss of the Indian markets in 1947 and the border closure after 1961.

Tirah is the Afridi and Orakzai highland between the Khyber and Kurram, and the Bara river runs from it to Peshawar. A British army invaded it in 1897; its people were displaced again in 2025 and 2026.

Waziristan is the hill country between the Tochi and the Gomal, home of the Wazir, Mahsud and Daur and of the Ormur of Kaniguram. It fought British garrisons in 1919-20 and 1936-47, and its people were displaced by operations in 2009 and 2014.