تاریخ
سیاست او غورځنګونه
Political history, movements and institutions, presented with context.
د سیاست او غورځنګونه لیکنې
- Babra, 12 August 1948: the shooting of the Khudai Khidmatgar at CharsaddaOn 12 August 1948 police of the Frontier's Muslim League government fired on a Khudai Khidmatgar gathering at Babra in Charsadda. The government gave 15 dead; Khudai Khidmatgar sources and the press gave hundreds.
- Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement1890–1988Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Bacha Khan (باچا خان, 1890–1988), of Utmanzai in Charsadda, founded the nonviolent Khudai Khidmatgar ("Servants of God") movement in 1929 and spent about a third of his life in British and Pakistani prisons. He died in Peshawar on 20 January 1988 and is buried in Jalalabad.
- Loya Jirga: Afghanistan's grand assembly, 1747 to 2020The loya jirga (لويه جرګه) is Afghanistan's national assembly of delegates called by the ruler, used from the 1920s to 2020. Historians disagree on whether it is an old tribal council or a state institution made in the twentieth century.
- Qissa Khwani massacre, 23 April 1930On 23 April 1930 an armoured car and then troops fired on an unarmed crowd in Peshawar's Qissa Khwani Bazaar after Congress and Khudai Khidmatgar leaders were arrested. Counts of the dead run from 20 to over 400.
- Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of DelhiSher Shah Suri (born Farid, died May 1545), an Afghan of the Sur clan whose family came from the Gomal country, defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun at Chausa and Kannauj in 1539–1540 and ruled north India from Delhi until he was killed by an exploding shell at the siege of Kalinjar.
- The Awami National Party: Pashtun nationalist party, 1986 to todayThe Awami National Party, founded in 1986, grew from Bacha Khan's Khudai Khidmatgar through the banned National Awami Party. It governed the Frontier from 2008 to 2013, renamed it Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2010, and lost many leaders to Taliban bombs.
- The frontier rising of 1897: Malakand, Shabqadar, the Khyber and TirahIn the summer of 1897 Wazir, Swati, Mohmand, Afridi and Orakzai fighters rose along the British side of the Durand Line, from Maizar to Malakand to the Khyber. The tribes named forts, roads and the new boundary as the cause.
- The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), 2018 to the banThe Pashtun Tahafuz Movement grew from the Mehsud Tahafuz Movement after police killed Naqeebullah Mehsud in Karachi in January 2018. Pakistan banned it on 6 October 2024; the movement and the state still disagree about why.
- The tribal areas, the FCR and the 2018 merger with Khyber PakhtunkhwaUntil 31 May 2018 the seven tribal agencies and six frontier regions were ruled under the Frontier Crimes Regulation of 1901. The Twenty-fifth Amendment merged them into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the promised courts, police and funds have arrived only in part.
- Wesh Zalmiyan, the Awakened Youth: Afghanistan's reform movement of 1947-1952Wesh Zalmiyan (Awakened Youth) was a brotherhood of Pashtun writers and officials that pressed for a constitutional monarchy and free elections in late-1940s Afghanistan, shaped the 1949 "liberal parliament" and was broken up in 1952.