Utmanzai (Mandanr)

In the Makhzan-i Afghani, Manur's three sons are Kemal, Aba and Otman, and Otman has four sons: Saddo, Aka, Kana and Ali. Saddo's line leads to Khan Kaju, to whose authority the whole Yusufzai nation, the Makhzan says, was subject. The Khulasat al-Ansab, quoted in Dorn's notes, gives Manur two sons, Osman and Otman, and Otman's four sons as Aka, Kana, Ali and Saddo, whence the Akazyes, Kanazyes, Alizyes and the Saddozai. Saddo had two wives, Darami, mother of the Khodukhail, Mirkhail and Shirzadkhail, and Zalai, mother of the Abakhail and Omarkhail.

The Peshawar Gazetteer of 1897-98 says Utman had two wives. From the first came the Akazai, Kanizai and Alizai, called Utmanzai proper, and from the second the Saddozai. Rose agrees and adds that the Saddozai are practically separated. The Dictionary of 1910 gives the Utmanzai four sub-divisions: Akazai, Alazai, Ghulam Khel and Khanazai.^1,2,4,5

پر دې ولاړ: دودیزې شجرې · استعماري اسناد

Rose places the Utmanzai and Saddozai in the extreme east of the old Peshawar district on the right bank of the Indus, the Saddozai to the west and the Utmanzai to the east. They also hold a small area in the south of the independent Gadun valley. Bellew in 1864 lists four divisions: Alazai, Kanazai, Akazai and Saddozai. The first three lived beyond the British border on the southern spurs from Mahaban, and about two-thirds of their original land had passed to the Gadun, whom they had invited across the Indus as mercenaries and who were rewarded with the western and southern slopes. Bellew thought the three tribes numerous enough for about 1,200 matchlock-men. The Peshawar Gazetteer also says the Gadun came as mercenaries and tenants, and in time expelled their masters.

Bellew gives the Saddozai five sub-divisions, four inside the British border in the south-east corner of the plain, at Hund, Swabai, Marghoz and Kilabat, and the Khodokhail beyond it on the western slopes of Mahaban. Their chief town was then Chingi, since the earlier Panjtar had been destroyed by the British in 1858. The Dictionary puts the whole Utmanzai at 400 fighting men on Mahaban, living both in independent territory and in Hazara round Torbela, with Akazai (125 men), and Alazai (50, north of Torbela). The Gazetteer calls them a comparatively small tribe, most of whom live in the Swabi tahsil of Peshawar and the Haripur tahsil of Hazara.^2–5

پر دې ولاړ: استعماري اسناد

Early in the eighteenth century, Rose says, the Utmanzai were called across the Indus by the Gujars of Hazara as allies against the Tarin Afghans, and took the Gandgarh tract along the river from Torbela to the southern boundary of the district. All three of their main septs are represented there. The Tarkheli section of the Alizai holds the southern half and stretches across the border into Attock, and Rose names the Tarkheli as one of the principal Utmanzai clans in Hazara. A few Mishwani, who came over as retainers, and a few Panni, a Kakar sect, settled among them.

Caroe, who was in charge of Hazara in 1927, says the Utmanzai hold land on both banks of the river and that they occupy Kaya and Khabbal on the right bank, with Torbela on the left. He met a centenarian of Khabbal, Qasim Khan, who remembered the great Indus flood of 1841.^4,6

پر دې ولاړ: استعماري اسناد · نوې څېړنې

Caroe says that in Akbar's time the sons of Bazid Ansari, defeated at Bara north of Topi, fled over the river to Torbela, where the Utmanzai put two of them to death.

The Peshawar Gazetteer records that Sitana, an Utmanzai village opposite Torbela, was made over by the Utmanzai as a religious grant to a family of Sayyids. Its head, Akbar Shah, had served Sayyid Ahmad of Bareilly as treasurer and councillor, and the survivors of Sayyid Ahmad's followers settled round him and built a fort. After the British expedition of 1858, the Utmanzai and the Gadun were made to sign an agreement not to admit the Hindustani colony into their limits.^2,6

پر دې ولاړ: استعماري اسناد · نوې څېړنې