Lodi

In the Afghan genealogies Lodi was the son of Bibi Matu, Bitan's daughter, and Shah Husain of Ghor. Dorn's translation of the Makhzan-i Afghani explains the name. Sheikh Bitan once moved his family down a snowbound hill and, when he went back, sent his wife to fetch fire from a hearth four months cold; she said 'In the name of God' and found live coals. Next he asked for baked bread, to see which of the children fortune favoured most. Ibrahim brought the first loaf, and the sheikh called him Ibrahim Lodi, 'the elder' in Afghan. Bellew gives the name as Loe, 'great', softened to Lodi or Ludi. Raverty writes it Lo-e daey.

Dorn's genealogy gives Lodi three sons, Niazi, Siani and Dotani. Siani had two sons, Ismail and Pranki. Ismail had three, Soor, Lohani and Mahpal. Dorn says Lohani's original name was Nuh, and Raverty adds that Ibrahim Lodi was no Lohani: Nuh was his great-grandson, so the Lohani descend from him. The Marwat of Bannu are Lohani. Bellew divides the Lodi into Siani, Niazi and Dotani, the Siani into Parangi and Ismail, and the Ismail into Sur, Lohani and Mahpal.^1,3,4

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Raverty says the Matti first lived at Shilghar, south of Ghazni. As the Ghilzai grew more numerous and quarrelled over land, the Niazi, too weak to resist the Andar branch of the Ghilzai, moved east to the foot of the Sulaiman range, to the tract later called Tak or Tank. Most were nomad traders, pawindah, and some still were in his day. Bellew places the Lodi in the Arghandab valley and Kandahar and writes that they have left Afghanistan entirely. Ibbetson says almost all the pawindah tribes, the warrior traders who carry goods between India and Central Asia, belong to the Ghilzai and the Lodi.

Ibbetson's account of the Dera Ismail Khan frontier gives the sequence. In the early thirteenth century the Prangi and Sur held Tank and Rori, and the Sarwani settled in Draban and Chandwan. In the early fifteenth century the Niazi followed from Ghazni into Tank, lived as pawindahs for nearly a century, then crossed the Salt Range and settled in the Marwat country in south Bannu, where Babur mentions them as cultivators in 1505. The Lohani, expelled by the Sulaiman Khel Ghilzai from Katawaz, crossed the Sulaiman range in the early days of Akbar and drove the remaining Prangi and Sur out of Tank. Of the four Lohani tribes, the Marwat, Daulat Khel, Mian Khel and Tator, the Daulat Khel drove the Marwat and Mian Khel out of Tank about the start of the seventeenth century. The Marwat moved north and pushed the Niazi east into Isa Khel on the Indus, and the Mian Khel moved south and drove the Sarwani into Hindustan.^3–5

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Bahlol Lodi, in Dorn's Makhzan-i Afghani a son of Malik Kala and a nephew of Shah Lodi, governor of Sirhind, took the Delhi throne on 17 Rabi I of 856 H. Raverty dates this to 855 H, 1451, and calls him a Shahu Khel Lodi and the first Afghan to rule in Hindustan east of the Indus. Dorn's preface dates the three Lodi sultans as Bahlol 1451 to 1488, Sikandar 1488 to 1517 and Ibrahim 1517 to 1526. The Makhzan says Bahlol died in 894 H after thirty-eight years, and that Sikandar was seated on 7 Shaban of that year. Ibrahim was killed at Panipat on 7 Rajab 932 H, fighting Babur, and the Makhzan says the sovereignty then passed after seventy-seven years from the Afghans of the Lodi line to the Mughals.

On Bahlol's summons, Raverty says, most of the Niazi answered, as did Afghans of other tribes: Lodis, Nuhanis (Lohani), Baitnis and others, so many that some sections have nearly vanished from their old country. Ibbetson says the Prangi and Sur migrated almost bodily to Hindustan during the Lodi and Sur reigns, 1450 to 1555. Bellew writes that the Lodi have entirely disappeared from Afghanistan.^1,2,4,5

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Sher Shah Sur belonged to the Sur section of the Lodi. Dorn's genealogy runs it from Siani through Ismail and Soor, by Yunes, Mahmudzye, Davudkhail, Othman, Mohammed, Baha Uddin and Hassan, to Hassan's eldest son Fareed, called Sher Shah, who took the throne of India in 946 H. Raverty says he descended from Ismail, brother of Prangaey, and records his victory over Humayun at Chausa in Muharram 947 H (May 1540) and his death in Rabi I 952 H (July 1545). His second son Jalal, who took the title Islam Shah, reigned next; Sher Shah's nephew Mamriz Khan afterwards killed Islam Shah's son Firoz and took the title Mohammed Shah Adil. Ibbetson says the Niazi, who rose to power under the Lodi and Sur sultans, rebelled in alliance with the Gakkhars and were crushed by Salim Shah Suri.^1,4–6

پر دې ولاړ: دودیزې شجرې · استعماري اسناد