Gadun

The Makhzan-i Afghani gives Pani eighteen sons, and its sixth is Zadun. The Khulasat al-Ansab, quoted in Dorn's notes, says the Safi and the Gadun descend from Pani. The Hazara gazetteer of 1907 identifies the Jaduns with the Gaduns of the Yusufzai border and quotes Raverty: they are descended from Yzadun, son of Parnai and brother of Kakar, the two being sons of Danai, son of Ghurghusht, son of Qais Abdur Rashid. Raverty's list of Parnai's eighteen sons, in Rose, includes Jadun. In Longworth Dames's table in Rose the Gadun appear as a tribe of the upper Indus that some connect with the Kakar, which he calls improbable.

Rose adds the tribe's own account: they claim descent from Sarhang, a great-grandson of Ghurghusht, two of whose sons fled because of a blood feud to the mountains of Chach and Hazara. He rejects an Indian origin, noting the suggestion that the name preserves that of Jadu, the founder of the Rajput Yadubansi dynasty, and says Bellew made them a Gakkhar clan, which appears to be quite incorrect.^1–5

پر دې ولاړ: دودیزې شجرې · استعماري اسناد

The Hazara gazetteer calls the Jaduns the most numerous of the genuine Pathan tribes of the district, with 11,590 counted in 1901. They occupy the Mangal tract, the Rash and Rajoia plains and their fringe villages, and Bagra and nearby villages at the eastern end of the Haripur plain. There are three main sections. The Hassanzai live at Dhamtaur and neighbouring villages and in Mangal and Bagra; the Salar live in the Rajoia plain; the Mansur live in Mangal and in and around Nawanshahr. Rose names the same three and adds that the Hassanzai are not represented among the Jadun across the Indus and have lost all connection with the parent tribe, even forgetting Pashto. The Salar and Mansur keep up a slight connection with the Pathans west of the Indus, and a few can still speak Pashto.

Rose adds that the true Pathans of Hazara call the Jaduns mlatar, 'mercenaries', from the Pashto equivalent of one who girds his loins. The gazetteer judges the tribe proud, despising manual labour, and with a number of fine stalwart men.^3,4

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The gazetteer says the Jaduns appear to have crossed the Indus into Hazara about the beginning of the 17th century and taken lands then held by the Turks and Dilazak. Rose gives them as occupying all the south-eastern part of the country between the Peshawar and Hazara borders and the southern slopes of Mahaban, assigned in the eastern Sama after Malik Ahmad and the Kashi chiefs of the Afghans defeated the Dilazak. When Jahangir finally crushed the Dilazak, the Jadun spread up the Dor valley as far as Abbottabad. In the early 18th century, after Sayyid Jalal Baba expelled the Karlugh Turks, they took the country about Dhamtaur. About a hundred years after that they took the Bagra tract from the few remaining Dilazak, and shortly before the Sikhs took the country their Hassanzai clan deprived the Karral of part of the Nilan valley.

After they had a footing in Hazara, the three sections began to elect one of their number to run their affairs and settle disputes, an arrangement that became permanent and was attached to a Hassanzai family of Dhamtaur. When the Sikhs arrived, Barkhurdar Khan was chosen Khan, and was succeeded by his son Inayat Khan. The chiefship had lapsed by 1907, though Inayat Khan's grandson Shahzaman Khan's was still regarded as the best family in the tribe. Rose says the Durrani rule was nominal here, and the Jaduns of Hazara paid them only a horse, a falcon or two and a little money.^3,4

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Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa, who ruled Hazara from 1822, on his way to Lower Hazara found a large body of Jaduns and Tanaolis, put at not less than 25,000 men, gathered at Mangal to bar his road. After talks failed he stormed their position and burned the town. About 2,000 of them died, and he fined each Jadun house five or six rupees and built a fort at Nawanshahr. In 1823 the Jaduns, Swathis and Tanaolis attacked the forts at Nawanshahr, Shinkiari and Darband while he was in the Derajat, and he beat them with heavy losses. The Salar, who had also lived in Mangal until about 1830, were then evicted and confined to the Rajoia tract. In March 1846 the Jaduns rose and gathered at Bagra against Sikh rule, and with Karral and Dilazak they camped at Serai Saleh, east of Haripur, when the tribesmen burned Haripur and cut the fort's water channel.

On the Peshawar side, the gazetteer says the Gaduns and the Utmanzai had bound themselves to keep the Hindustani fanatics from returning to Sitana. When the Hindustanis reoccupied it in 1863 and the tribes had made no effort to stop them, the tribes were blockaded, and the border stayed disturbed until the Ambela expedition drove the Hindustanis from Sitana. The Gaduns, Utmanzai, Mada Khel and Amazai then agreed in writing to exclude them.³

پر دې ولاړ: استعماري اسناد