1451
Bahlul Lodi takes Delhi
The Afghan Lodi dynasty replaces the Sayyids on the throne of Delhi and invites the tribes of Roh into its service.
From the article: Pashtun history: from the first records to the present
1451–1555
Lodi and Sur sultans
لودي او سوري سلطانان
Afghan dynasties ruled the Delhi sultanate. Bahlul Lodi took Delhi in 1451; Babur defeated the Lodis in 1526, and Sher Shah Suri drove the Mughal Humayun out of India in 1540. Sur rule ended in 1555.
What happened
1400–1499
c. 1480–1490
Massacre of the Yusufzai maliks
According to Yusufzai chronicles retold by Caroe, Ulugh Beg kills about 700 Yusufzai maliks at a banquet in Kabul; only six escape. Caroe dates it between 1480 and 1490.
From the article: The Yusufzai: the Pashtun tribe of Swat, Buner and the Mardan plain
1500–1599
1505
Babur describes Nangarhar
Babur, on his first journey from Kabul into India, describes Nangarhar and its differences from Kabul.
From the article: Jalalabad: the valley between Kabul and the Khyber
1519
Babur marries Bibi Mubarika
Babur marries the daughter of the Yusufzai malik Shah Mansur to conciliate the tribe.
From the article: The Yusufzai: the Pashtun tribe of Swat, Buner and the Mardan plain
1522
Babur takes Kandahar
Babur finally brings Kandahar under his control after earlier attempts.
From the article: Kandahar: an oasis city and its long history
20 April 1526
First battle of Panipat
Babur defeats and kills Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, ending the Lodi sultanate.
From the article: Pashtun history: from the first records to the present
1539
Battle of Chausa
Sher Khan defeats the Mughal emperor Humayun on the Ganges below Benares.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi
1540
Battle near Kannauj; Sher Shah rules Delhi
A second defeat of Humayun leaves Sher Khan master of Delhi, where he takes the title Sher Shah and rules until 1545.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi
1540
Sher Shah takes Delhi
Sher Shah Suri drives Humayun out of India after victories in 1539 and 1540.
From the article: Pashtun history: from the first records to the present
1541
Rohtas fort begun
Sher Shah orders the construction of the great fort at Rohtas, on the Jhelum, according to UNESCO after his defeat of Humayun.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi
1543
Humayun turned away from Kandahar
Humayun, after his defeats by Sher Shah, fails to find refuge at Kandahar and goes to Safavid Iran.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi
1545
Death of Sher Shah at Kalinjar
Sher Shah dies in an accidental gunpowder explosion at the siege of Kalinjar fort.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi
1555
End of Suri rule
The Mughals return to north India, ending the brief period of Afghan Suri rule begun in 1540.
From the article: Sher Shah Suri: the Afghan who drove the Mughals out of Delhi