February 1919
Succession crisis after Habibullah's death
Habibullah is assassinated; at Jalalabad Nasrullah declares himself amir, while Amanullah also claims the throne.
From the article: Jalalabad: the valley between Kabul and the Khyber
1919–1973
Independence and the kingdom
خپلواکي او پاچاهي
Amanullah Khan won Afghanistan's full independence in 1919, and the monarchy lasted until 1973. Across the border Bacha Khan's Khudai Khidmatgar campaigned against British rule, and Pakistan was founded in 1947.
What happened
1900–1999
February 1919
Habibullah assassinated
Amir Habibullah is assassinated and Amanullah secures the throne against his uncle Nasrullah.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
3 May – 3 June 1919
Third Anglo-Afghan War
Afghanistan fights Britain in a short war that ends in a ceasefire on 3 June.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
4 May – 3 June 1919
Third Anglo-Afghan War
A short, undeclared war ends in a ceasefire on 3 June.
From the article: The three Anglo-Afghan wars, 1839–1919
8 August 1919
Treaty of Rawalpindi
Britain accepts Afghanistan's right to conduct its own foreign affairs.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
1 April 1921
Anjuman-e-Islah-ul-Afaghina
Bacha Khan and associates found a society for social reform, education and the Pashto language.
From the article: Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement
22 November 1921
Treaty of Friendship
Afghanistan and Britain agree to open legations in each other's capitals, after the 1919 peace ended British control of Afghan foreign affairs.
From the article: The three Anglo-Afghan wars, 1839–1919
1923
First constitution
Afghanistan's first constitution is promulgated (9 April 1923 according to one source; 1924 in another).
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
1924–1925
Mangal revolt
The Mangal of Paktia revolt against the reforms.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
June 1926
Amanullah takes the title shah
Amanullah replaces the title amir with shah.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
November 1928
Shinwari revolt
A minor revolt of the Shinwari spreads into a general uprising in eastern Afghanistan.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
1929
Amanullah in Kandahar
King Amanullah, after abdicating, tries to rally Durrani support in Kandahar and leaves for India in April 1929.
From the article: Kandahar: an oasis city and its long history
14 January 1929
Amanullah abdicates
Amanullah abdicates in favour of his half-brother and flees to Kandahar; Habibullah Kalakani takes Kabul the next day.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
19 April 1929
Ghilzai attack at Ghazni
An attack by the Ghilzai at Ghazni forces King Amanullah to abandon his march on Kabul.
From the article: The Ghilzai: a major Pashtun confederation
19 April 1929
Halt at Ghazni
An attack by the Ghilzai at Ghazni forces Amanullah to give up his march on Kabul.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
1 September 1929
Zalmo Jirga announced
The Anjuman's members form a youth league.
From the article: Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement
23 April 1930
Qissa Khwani Bazaar killings
Troops fire on protesters in Peshawar after leaders are arrested. Casualty estimates differ widely.
From the article: Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement
23 April 1930
Qissa Khwani firing
Troops fire on a crowd in Peshawar after the arrest of Khudai Khidmatgar leaders.
From the article: Pashtun history: from the first records to the present
1931
Kabul journal and Literary Society
The Literary Society in Kabul begins publishing the monthly journal Kabul, later switched to Pashto.
From the article: Pashto literature and oral poetry: from the Roshani writers to the landay
1937
Pashto Academy founded
The Pashto Academy (Pashto Tolana) is created in Kabul.
From the article: Pashto literature and oral poetry: from the Roshani writers to the landay
15 August 1947
Frontier Province joins Pakistan
After a referendum boycotted by the Khudai Khidmatgar, the North-West Frontier Province becomes part of Pakistan.
From the article: Pashtun history: from the first records to the present
3–4 September 1947
Loyalty pledge to Pakistan
The Khudai Khidmatgar and affiliated bodies meet in Peshawar and pledge loyalty to the new state.
From the article: Bacha Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement
1958
Ashoka's inscription discovered
A bilingual Greek and Aramaic inscription of the emperor Ashoka is found near the Qaytul ridge.
From the article: Kandahar: an oasis city and its long history
April 1960
Death in Zurich
Amanullah dies in exile in Zurich in April 1960 (25 April according to Arab News). Poullada gives 21 September 1961 in Italy, which later sources do not support.
From the article: Amanullah Khan: independence, reform and the crisis of 1929
1963
Jalalabad medical school founded
The city's medical school opens.
From the article: Jalalabad: the valley between Kabul and the Khyber